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Silvio Berlusconi

"Berlusconi" redirects here. For other uses, see Berlusconi (disambiguation).

Silvio Berlusconi
Berlusconi in 2010
Prime Minister of Italy
In office
8 May 2008 – 16 November 2011
PresidentGiorgio Napolitano
Preceded byRomano Prodi
Succeeded byMario Monti
In office
11 June 2001 – 17 May 2006
PresidentCarlo Azeglio Ciampi
Deputy
Preceded byGiuliano Amato
Succeeded byRomano Prodi
In office
11 May 1994 – 17 January 1995
PresidentOscar Luigi Scalfaro
Deputy
Preceded byCarlo Azeglio Ciampi
Succeeded byLamberto Dini
Member of the Senate of the Republic
In office
13 October 2022 – 12 June 2023
ConstituencyMonza
In office
15 March 2013 – 27 November 2013
ConstituencyMolise
Member of the European Parliament
In office
2 July 2019 – 12 October 2022
ConstituencyNorth-West Italy
In office
20 July 1999 – 10 June 2001
ConstituencyNorth-West Italy
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office
15 April 1994 – 14 March 2013
Constituency
Personal details
Born(1936-09-29)29 September 1936
Milan, Kingdom of Italy
Died12 June 2023(2023-06-12) (aged 86)
Milan, Italy
Political party
Other political
affiliations
Spouses
Carla Dall'Oglio
​
​
(m. 1965; div. 1985)​
[1]
​
​
(m. 1990; div. 2010)​
[1]
Domestic partners
Children5, including Marina, Pier Silvio and Barbara
RelativesPaolo Berlusconi (brother)
Alma materUniversity of Milan
Occupation
Signature
This article is part of
a series about
Silvio Berlusconi
  • Occupation
  • Political offices
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  • Governments

Silvio Berlusconi (/ˌbɛərlʊˈskoʊni/ BAIR-luu-SKOH-nee; Italian: [ˈsilvjo berluˈskoːni] ⓘ; 29 September 1936 – 12 June 2023) was an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as the prime minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011.[2] He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013; a member of the Senate of the Republic from 2022 until his death in 2023, and previously from March to November 2013; and a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 to 2022, and previously from 1999 to 2001.[3] With a net worth of US$6.8 billion as of June 2023, Berlusconi was the third-wealthiest person in Italy at the time of his death.[4]

Berlusconi rose into the financial elite of Italy in the late 1960s. He was the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owned the Italian football club AC Milan from 1986 to 2017. He was nicknamed Il Cavaliere (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour; he voluntarily resigned from this order in March 2014.[5] In 2018, Forbes ranked him as the 190th richest man in the world, with a net worth of US$8 billion.[6][7] In 2009, Forbes ranked him 12th in the list of the World's Most Powerful People due to his domination of Italian politics throughout more than fifteen years at the head of the centre-right coalition.[8]

Berlusconi was prime minister for nine years in total, making him the longest serving post-war prime minister of Italy, and the third longest-serving since Italian unification, after Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Giolitti. He was the leader of the centre-right party Forza Italia from 1994 to 2009, and its successor party The People of Freedom from 2009 to 2013. He led the revived Forza Italia from 2013 to 2023.[9] Berlusconi was the senior G8 leader from 2009 until 2011, and he held the record for hosting G8 summits (having hosted three summits in Italy). After serving nearly 19 years as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the country's lower house, he became a member of the Senate following the 2013 Italian general election.

On 1 August 2013, Berlusconi was convicted of tax fraud by the Supreme Court of Cassation. His four-year prison sentence was confirmed, and he was banned from holding public office for two years. Aged 76, he was exempted from direct imprisonment, and instead served his sentence by doing unpaid community service.[10] Three years of his sentence was automatically pardoned under Italian law; because he had been sentenced to gross imprisonment for more than two years, he was banned from holding legislative office for six years and expelled from the Senate.[11][12] Berlusconi pledged to stay leader of Forza Italia throughout his custodial sentence and public office ban.[10][13] After his ban ended, Berlusconi ran for and was elected as an MEP at the 2019 European Parliament election.[3] He returned to the Senate after winning a seat in the 2022 Italian general election,[14] and died the following year from complications of chronic leukaemia, and was given a state funeral.[15]

Berlusconi was known for his populist political style and brash personality. In his long tenure, he was often accused of being an authoritarian leader and a strongman.[16][17][18] At the height of his power, Berlusconi was the richest person in Italy, owned three of the main TV channels of the country, and indirectly controlled RAI through his own government. He was the owner of Italy's biggest publishing company, several newspapers and magazines, and one of the main football clubs in Europe.[19] At the time of his death, The Guardian wrote that Berlusconi "gathered himself more power than was ever wielded by one individual in a Western democracy."[20] Berlusconi remained a controversial figure who divided public opinion and political analysts. Supporters emphasised his leadership skills and charismatic power, his fiscal policy based on tax reduction, and his ability to maintain strong and close foreign relations with both the United States and Russia.[21][22][23] In general, critics address his performance as a politician and the ethics of his government practices in relation to his business holdings. Issues with the former include accusations of having mismanaged the state budget and of increasing the Italian government debt. The second criticism concerns his vigorous pursuit of his personal interests while in office, including benefitting from his own companies' growth due to policies promoted by his governments, having vast conflicts of interest due to ownership of a media empire, with which he restricted freedom of information, and being blackmailed as a leader because of his turbulent private life.[24][25][26]

  1. ^ a b c d Candida Morvillo (12 June 2023). "Mamma Rosa, mogli, fidanzate (e il ruolo chiave della figlia Marina): le donne della vita di Berlusconi". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  2. ^ "Silvio Berlusconi". Biography. A&E Television Networks. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019. Updated 26 February 2018.
  3. ^ a b Roberts, Hannah (27 May 2019). "Silvio Berlusconi is back on the Italian political scene. How did he get there?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  4. ^ "Silvio Berlusconi & family". Forbes. June 2023. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  5. ^ "Silvio Berlusconi Premier Politico Cavaliere Pdl Milan Mediaset". Digilander (in Italian). 29 June 2012. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  6. ^ "Forbes Silvio Berlusconi profile page". Forbes. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  7. ^ "La classifica Forbes degli uomini più ricchi del mondo nel 2019". Forbes (in Italian). March 2019. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  8. ^ "#12 Silvio Berlusconi". Forbes. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  9. ^ Hornby, Catherine; Mackenzie, James (16 November 2013). "Berlusconi breaks away from Italy government after party ruptures". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  10. ^ a b Parks, Tim (24 August 2013). "Holding Italy Hostage". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  11. ^ "Italy's Senate expels ex-PM Silvio Berlusconi". BBC. 27 November 2013. Archived from the original on 30 November 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  12. ^ "Italian senators debate Berlusconi expulsion". BBC. 9 September 2013. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  13. ^ Moody, Barry (18 September 2013). "Berlusconi vows to stay in politics as ban approaches". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  14. ^ "Silvio Berlusconi, 85, makes TikTok debut with appeal to young voters". The Guardian. 2 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  15. ^ "Former Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi honored with state funeral". NBC News. 14 June 2023. Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  16. ^ Rossi, Filippo (20 July 2011). "Sì, Berlusconi è un dittatore". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  17. ^ Rame, Sergio (10 May 2015). "La Boschi insulta Berlusconi: 'Ha esperienza da dittatore'". Il Giornale (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  18. ^ Severgnini, Beppe (15 November 2016). "What a Trump America Can Learn from a Berlusconi Italy". Opinion. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Silvio Berlusconi duped Italians for years". The Economist. 12 June 2023. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  20. ^ Hooper, John (12 June 2023). "Silvio Berlusconi obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Bush: 'Berlusconi un leader forte' Ma più tardi la Casa Bianca frena". La Repubblica (in Italian). 28 February 2006. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  22. ^ "Con Berlusconi debito e spese fuori controllo ma meno tasse". Linkiesta (in Italian). 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  23. ^ De Francesco, Gian Maria (15 April 2018). "Così il Cavaliere a Pratica di Mare mise d'accordo Stati Uniti e Russia". Il Giornale (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  24. ^ "Berlusconi all'attacco: 'La libertà di stampa non è un diritto assoluto'". La Stampa (in Italian). 10 July 2010. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  25. ^ Zitelli, Andrea (19 December 2011). "Debito pubblico: il record assoluto è di Berlusconi". Valigia Blu (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  26. ^ Colaprico, Piero (5 July 2015). "Ruby ter: soldi, foto e minacce, così Berlusconi si è scoperto ricattabile". La Repubblica (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

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